From a rule on paper to an evidence trail
Compliance claims become researchable when the obligation, actor and observable record are connected.
Industrial Systems
How systems work when their operating conditions change.
Research
The evidence between a promise and an outcome
An opening research agenda on capacity, recognition and the conditions that make a claim usable.
Electrification changes where energy risk sits
Reducing fuel imports is one part of energy security. The next test is whether the electricity system can deliver when customers need it.
Signals
Does AI disclosure survive distribution?
A testable question about the handoff from a marked output to what a person receives.
Research briefs
When a formal rule becomes an operating condition
Authority, responsibility and evidence in the governance of AI systems.
From the Knowledge library
Maritime chokepoints and the global economy: evidence from the Strait of Hormuz
Using ship-traffic data, this paper links disruptions at the Strait of Hormuz to commodity prices, industrial output and financing conditions.
View originalCompetition in the age of AI
Firm-level evidence distinguishes AI developers from users and examines how adoption, innovation and market concentration interact.
View originalElectric Car Markets in a Time of Uncertainty
An update on electric-car markets and the uncertainty facing manufacturers, consumers and supporting infrastructure.
View originalHeat Pump Monitor 2026
Tracks heat-pump markets and the opportunities for replacing conventional heating equipment.
View originalGlobal Critical Minerals Outlook 2026
The 2026 edition of the IEA’s assessment of critical-mineral supply, demand and security.
View originalGlobal EV Outlook 2026
The 2026 reference for electric-vehicle markets and the industrial systems supporting electrification.
View originalDemand- and Supply-Side Measures for the Industry Transition
Policy options on both the purchasing and production sides of industrial decarbonisation.
View originalBattery Circularity
Examines battery circularity and innovation relevant to recovering critical materials.
View originalCritical Mineral Traceability for Energy and Economic Security
Examines traceability in mineral supply chains and its relevance to energy and economic security.
View originalRare Earth Elements
Examines options for diversifying rare-earth supply chains and improving supply security.
View originalGlobal Critical Minerals Outlook 2025
Market developments, diversification mechanisms, battery supply chains and regional comparisons.
View originalGlobal EV Outlook 2025
An annual reference for electric vehicle adoption and the supporting industry.
View originalGlobal Critical Minerals Outlook 2024
Mineral supply, demand and concentration risks across alternative energy scenarios.
View originalBatteries and Secure Energy Transitions
Battery technology and its place in secure energy systems.
View originalEnergy Technology Perspectives 2024
Clean energy technology, manufacturing and trade.
View originalGlobal EV Outlook 2024
Electric mobility markets, technology and infrastructure.
View originalWorld Development Report 2024: The Middle-Income Trap
Development strategy, investment, technology diffusion and innovation in middle-income economies.
View original